Transistors are vulnerable to damage from transient voltage spikes, which can affect either the emitter-base (EB) junction or the collector-emitter (CE) junction. This is especially true when the transistor is used with inductive loads such as coils, transformers, or motors. In these cases, a high-voltage back-EMF (electromotive force) can be generated, potentially leading to device failure. To protect against such events, a TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diode is commonly used as a protective component. The TVS diode clamps the voltage at a safe level during transients, preventing damage to the transistor and ensuring reliable operation of the circuit. This type of protection is essential in applications where electrical noise or sudden voltage changes are common.
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