Inventory: The five big leap-forward technologies worthy of anticipation

[Global Science and Technology Report] According to the Japan Lifehacker website on July 20, the renowned scientific journal *Scientific American* released an article on emerging technologies on June 27. Each year, the publication highlights groundbreaking solutions under the theme of "Breakthrough Solutions," presenting a list of technologies poised to transform the world. These innovations typically meet three criteria: they show significant promise but remain largely unexplored, are still in the research phase, and have yet to gain widespread adoption. Here’s a deeper dive into some of the highlighted projects and the companies driving their development: 1. **Minimally Invasive Biopsy** Traditional biopsies often involve cutting diseased tissues and suspected lesions, which not only exacerbates the patient's condition but also poses risks of complications. Additionally, these procedures are time-consuming and sometimes fail to detect tumors hidden in hard-to-reach areas. Enter liquid biopsy—a blood test method that could revolutionize diagnosis. While this approach holds immense potential, one critical challenge remains: improving the accuracy of DNA analysis (circulating tumor DNA, or ctDNA) to identify tumor cells in the bloodstream. This technology offers a foundation for personalized treatment plans and could help physicians decide whether patients require specialized care, enhancing both precision and outcomes. 2. **Precision Agriculture Tools** The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), GPS, and data analytics into farming practices is proving invaluable. These tools enable farmers to optimize crop management, boost yields, and reduce waste. For instance, startups like Aerofarms, Green Spirit Farms, and Urban Produce are pioneering indoor farming initiatives, leveraging advanced techniques to analyze crop cycles and enhance productivity while maintaining superior flavor profiles. Meanwhile, companies such as Blue River Technology are deploying computer vision to minimize fertilizer usage by up to 90%. This innovation not only cuts costs but also minimizes environmental impact. 3. **Sustainable Energy Solutions** Building eco-friendly cities requires balancing sustainability with economic viability. Sidewalk Labs, a sister company of Google, is exploring large-scale urban experiments to prototype future cities. Focusing on renewable energy, the team is integrating solar power and electric vehicles into their development plans. In 2016, rumors suggested trials might occur near Denver, Colorado, and Detroit, Michigan. However, by May 2017, Toronto, Canada, emerged as the official pilot site. The initiative aims to create models for sustainable urban living, testing scalable solutions that could redefine modern infrastructure. 4. **Image Recognition Technology** Artificial intelligence has achieved remarkable strides in facial recognition applications. Facebook’s algorithms now recognize faces and objects in user-uploaded photos, enabling users to search for specific elements within images. Google’s image recognition software inspired the creation of "PlaNet," a platform that identifies locations based on visual cues like logos, plants, and landmarks. Meanwhile, Stanford University researchers unveiled an AI tool capable of detecting skin cancer with over 90% accuracy, marking a monumental breakthrough for dermatology. 5. **Water Extraction from Air** Imagine extracting water directly from thin air—an innovation particularly relevant for arid regions. A collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley, and MIT is advancing metal-organic frameworks—porous materials designed to store vast amounts of water. On another front, Arizona-based startup Zero Mass Water is developing solar-powered systems that harvest atmospheric moisture. Their device, priced at around $3,700, collects two to five liters of water daily. Deployed across the U.S., Jordan, Dubai, Mexico, and Lebanon, these units recently provided drinking water to Syrian refugees. This glimpse into the future underscores how cutting-edge technologies hold the potential to address global challenges while fostering sustainable progress. Stay tuned as these innovations continue to evolve! (Intern compiled by Hu Rui Rui; reviewed by Wang Huan)

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