Despite the fact that younger generations are spending less time watching television, it remains an essential household appliance due to its strong family-oriented appeal. Combined with the internet's influence, which has revitalized the color TV industry, TVs are becoming more interactive than ever. The integration of big content has strengthened internet TVs, but a good viewing experience continues to be the primary consideration for most consumers when purchasing a TV.
A key factor affecting the viewing experience lies in the performance of the screen. Currently, TVs available in the market can be categorized into four types based on their panels. The first category consists of widely-used LED-backlit TVs. The second category includes QLED TVs, which excel in color performance. The third category comprises OLED TVs, known for their superior structural design. The fourth category represents "non-screen" televisions, led by laser TVs. Among these four types of TV terminals, which one will define the future of TV technology? Or which type of TV is better suited for specific scenarios? Let’s explore the unique features and applications of each type of TV terminal to determine what suits you best.
QLED – The Best Performance Vector for HDR
If you’re passionate about HDR movies and feel that SDR movies pale in comparison, then a QLED TV is your ideal choice. HDR performance is a three-dimensional concept, encompassing color and brightness, often referred to as color volume. This breaks away from traditional notions of display effects—without brightness, discussing color alone becomes meaningless.
The human eye is incredibly powerful. During the day, it can perceive a vast amount of color and brightness information. At night, despite the dilation of the pupils, it remains highly sensitive to light. To simulate the world as seen by the human eye, a display device must possess three critical elements: sharpness, high dynamic range (HDR), and color.
For instance, when observing a picture or video of a volcanic eruption on a typical display device, it's impossible to fully grasp the grandeur of the scene. This is because, while the colors of the volcanic eruption may be accurate, without proper brightness, the experience cannot be authentic.
QLED TVs utilize traditional backlighting methods, incorporating increased LED power and more advanced backlighting technology, allowing for higher brightness levels. Thanks to this higher brightness, the effective contrast of QLED TVs is significantly enhanced. Even in non-black environments, one might mistakenly perceive QLED TVs as having higher contrast than OLEDs.
Color QLED also demonstrates the strength of its ultra-wide color gamut. Quantum dots possess an intriguing property: by altering the size of a quantum dot, its emission wavelength can be affected, thus influencing the color of its emission. When smaller, it emits blue light; as the size increases, it shifts toward green, yellow-green, orange, and finally red. This fascinating characteristic makes quantum dots an excellent endorsement for high color gamut displays. The same material can cater to various color gamut needs.
In summary, for those seeking "color volume" support for HDR movies, QLED TVs are the most appropriate choice.
OLED – The Coolest Print Display
The development of OLED has been evident over the years, with a significant trend towards replacing LCDs in the future. However, it will be challenging for OLEDs to completely replace LCDs, given their deep-rooted presence across industries. Nonetheless, OLEDs are poised to become the ultimate successor to LCDs, particularly through printed OLED technology.
Major players like BOE, TCL, Samsung, and LG are vying to develop this emerging display technology. In essence, it falls under OLED technology but is widely recognized as an effective way to address the high costs of OLEDs and enable large-area production. We know that OLEDs are self-luminous, utilizing very thin organic material coatings and glass substrates. Printed OLEDs employ advanced printing equipment to "print" organic materials onto glass substrates, similar to how newspapers are printed, offering higher production efficiency compared to traditional evaporation techniques.
How do you "print" like a newspaper? We're all familiar with inkjet printing and screen printing when it comes to printing patterns on T-shirts. Similarly, printed OLEDs are divided into two types: inkjet printing and screen printing. The current mainstream approach focuses on inkjet printing. Inkjet printing devices feature multiple print heads, each equipped with numerous micro-nozzles, accurately depositing red, green, and blue luminescent material solutions into isolation column grooves on ITO glass substrates. Once the solvent evaporates, nano-thin layers are formed, constituting light pixels.
The nozzles are made of special piezoelectric ceramics. The size of the droplets can be precisely controlled by regulating the voltage applied to the ceramic and the duration, adjusting the thickness of the luminescent layer. Being a fully digital technology, it requires no processing. Such a printing method is expected to significantly reduce OLED production costs, prolong the lifespan of OLED materials, and enhance the yield of large-size screens.
The significant interest in printed OLEDs stems from its close relationship with flexible displays. Imagine screens being printed like newspapers—can they be bent as casually as newspapers? It's an exciting thought.
LED – Micro LED Attacking Giants
Recent discussions about Micro LED have brought it into the spotlight. There are rumors that Apple Watch may abandon its use of OLEDs and adopt Micro LED panels for the new iPhones.
Micro LED technology reduces LEDs to less than 100μm, just a fraction of the size of regular LEDs. Through massive transfer technology, micron-level RGB three-primary Micro LEDs are transferred to a glass substrate to form various sizes of Micro LED panels.
Due to certain technical defects, such as lifespan issues, OLEDs struggle to entirely replace LCD technology. OLEDs must reduce white screens or highlights to achieve power savings, and their wide color gamut characteristics differ little from amateur QDs. Micro LED technology truly revolutionizes LCD, marking a significant shift in display technology.
Micro LED is a miniaturization of the LED array. Each Micro LED can be viewed as a pixel. With smaller modules, it achieves higher brightness, ultra-high resolution, improved color saturation, and faster response times. Each pixel can be driven independently, and organic materials exhibit self-luminous characteristics in inorganic materials.
Of course, Micro LED faces numerous technical hurdles that need overcoming. The integration of such tiny LEDs with glass substrates and circuits presents immense technical challenges, making its high cost a barrier to widespread adoption. Continuous technological iterations are required before Micro LED can officially enter the commercial market.
Laser Display – The Ultimate Solution for Super-Sized Screens
Although the aforementioned display technologies offer excellent image quality, none surpasses the impact of a cinema-sized screen. Home large-screen solutions include traditional projectors and laser TVs. Traditional projectors require specific spatial distances for setup. To project a larger image, more distance is needed. However, ultra-short-throw projection breaks this limitation.
An ultra-short-throw projector can have a projection ratio of up to 0.6, meaning a 100-inch image can be projected at a distance of 1.2 meters. Reflective ultra-short-throw projectors can project 100 inches at a distance of 0.1-0.5 meters. In this case, the greatest advantage of this technology is saving space, especially given the high cost of renting. If you want to buy a regular projector and project 100 inches, you still need to consider the size of the room.
Not only is it space-saving, but most ultra-short-throw projectors now feature a reflective design and laser-based light sources. After reflecting off the screen to form a complete image, it enters the viewer's eyes. The advantage of this is that the light entering the eyes is very soft and less irritating to the eyes than LCD TVs. Additionally, laser light sources have higher brightness and longer lifespans.
Of course, ultra-short-throw projection isn't a cure-all. Its most apparent drawback is screen distortion. Ultra-short throws and distortions are the bane of shadows. In practical displays, the center of the screen is usually clearer, while the edges appear blurry. Earlier issues of brightness and color unevenness have been greatly improved. Current ultra-short-throw technologies using laser light sources have made significant progress in color brightness, with physical resolutions even reaching the 4K level.
Summary: These four types of display technologies represent the future direction of color TV terminals. QLED TVs can be considered the closest to us and are relatively affordable; OLED TVs boast incredible quality performance and are the best carriers for printed display technology; Micro LED is still in the experimental stage, but its revolutionary display features make it the best representative of future display technology; laser displays provide the best value solution for large-screen viewing, with large-screen impact being the most tempting aspect.
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