Standard method for determining the true density of calcined petroleum coke by helium gas densitometer - Master's thesis - Dissertation

American ASTM Standard D2638-91 (2002): Standard Method for Determining the True Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke by Helium Gas Density Meter This standard method is designed to measure the true density of calcined petroleum coke, which is defined as the density of a sample with particle size less than 75 microns (200 mesh). The results are reported in metric units. True density is an essential physical property that influences the performance of carbon and graphite materials produced from the coke. It plays a crucial role in product specifications and trade decisions. Density, relative density, and specific gravity are terms often used interchangeably but have distinct definitions: - **Density** refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance measured in vacuum at 15°C. - **Relative density** is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of a substance to the mass of the same volume of pure water at 15°C. - **Specific gravity** is essentially the same as relative density, though it is sometimes used informally. The standard references include various ASTM methods such as D346, D2013, D2234, D4057, D4292, and D4930, which provide guidelines for sampling, preparation, and testing procedures. Key terminology includes: - **Calcined petroleum coke**: Raw petroleum coke that has been heat-treated to remove volatile matter. - **True density**: The mass of a substance divided by its volume excluding pores and voids. This is determined using a helium gas density meter, ensuring accurate measurement even for fine particles. - **Bulk density**: The mass of the material divided by the total volume it occupies, including the space between particles. The procedure involves drying and grinding the sample to 75 microns, weighing it on a precision balance, and measuring its volume using a helium gas density meter. This allows for the calculation of true density using the formula: **True Density = Mass / Volume** The method is widely used in quality control and production processes, as true density directly affects the properties of carbon and graphite products. Interferences such as dust control oils must be removed before testing to ensure accuracy. Equipment required includes an analytical balance (±0.1 mg), a drying oven, a helium gas density meter, and a 200-mesh sieve. Reagents like high-purity helium (99.9%) are also necessary. Sample preparation follows standardized procedures to ensure representativeness. After crushing and sieving, the sample is dried and cooled before testing. The test procedure involves placing the sample in the instrument, filling with helium, and calculating the volume based on pressure changes. Results are reported with precision, typically to three decimal places. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method are well-established, with differences within acceptable limits. Keywords: calcined petroleum coke, helium gas density meter, true density, ASTM D2638-91, density measurement, petrochemical testing.

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