Standard method for determining the true density of calcined petroleum coke by helium gas densitometer - Master's thesis - Dissertation

American ASTM Standard D2638-91 (2002): Standard Method for Determining the True Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke by Helium Gas Density Meter This standard outlines a precise and reliable method for measuring the true density of calcined petroleum coke using a helium gas density meter. The procedure is designed to ensure accurate results that are essential for quality control and product specification in industrial applications. 1. Scope 1.1 This method is used to determine the true density of calcined petroleum coke. The true density is defined as the density measured with a sample particle size less than 75 microns (200 mesh). Results are reported in metric units. 1.2 Density is a critical physical property of petroleum products and plays a key role in product specifications. 1.3 The true density of petroleum coke directly influences the performance of carbon and graphite materials produced from it. It serves as a primary quality indicator and is crucial for trading purposes. Density, relative density, and specific gravity are often confused, but they have distinct definitions: - **Density** is the mass per unit volume at 15°C, measured in kg/m³ or g/cm³. - **Relative density** is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature, with no units. - **Specific gravity** is another term for relative density. 2. References This method references several ASTM standards including D346, D2013, D2234, D4057, D4292, D4930, and E11 for sieve testing. 3. Definitions 3.1 Key terms include: - **Calcined petroleum coke**: Raw petroleum coke that has been heat-treated to remove volatile matter. - **Petroleum coke**: A carbon residue formed from thermal decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons. 3.2 Specific terminology includes: - **Bulk density**: The mass of particulate material divided by the total volume it occupies. - **True density**: The mass of a substance divided by its actual volume, excluding voids and pores. This is measured using a helium gas densitometer. 4. Method Summary A representative sample of calcined petroleum coke is dried, ground to 75 microns, and weighed. It is then placed in a helium gas density meter to determine its volume. The true density is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume. 5. Significance The true density is a critical factor in determining the quality and performance of carbon and graphite products derived from petroleum coke. 6. Interferences Contaminants such as dust-control oils must be removed before testing to avoid inaccurate results. 7. Equipment Required equipment includes an analytical balance, drying oven, helium gas density meter, crusher, and a 200-mesh sieve. 8. Reagents High-purity helium (99.9%) is required for the measurement. 9. Sample Preparation Samples must be prepared according to ASTM guidelines. They should be dried, crushed, and sieved to ensure consistency. 10. Test Procedure The sample is placed in the densitometer, and the volume is determined based on helium displacement. The density is then calculated. 11. Calculation True density is calculated using the formula: ρ = M / V Where ρ is density, M is mass, and V is volume. 12. Reporting Results should be reported to two decimal places, ensuring clarity and accuracy. 13. Precision The method has established repeatability and reproducibility limits to ensure consistent results across different laboratories. 14. Keywords Calcined petroleum coke, helium gas density meter, true density.

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